Independent reading and/or research under the guidance of a history faculty member. Refer to the academic policy section for independent study policy. Independent study contract is required. May be repeated for credit.

This course describes and analyzes the causes, character, and consequences of Americas greatest crisis. The time period is from the sectional crisis of the late antebellum period of the 1840s to the end of Reconstruction in 1877. The class will examine the roots of sectional conflict, the course, conduct and consequences of war, and the efforts to reconstruct the nation.

This course examines the border, or boundary, between Mexico and the U.S. We will seek to connect the borders historical origins with contemporary border issues. The course will examine the forces, policies, people, and events that produced the border as a middle ground of contact, conflict, and accommodation that occurs when two or more cultures come into contact with one another. HA

An analysis of the American West as both place and processes. Topics include western myths and realities, Native American-Euroamerican relations, environmental, economic, and political transformations, and western social relations. HA

This course explores the ways in which women in American have experienced and given meaning to their history from 1500-1900. This thematic analysis of the cultural roles and the social realities of American women examines such topics as family and private life, work and the economy, and community and public life. HA

This course explores recent U.S. history through the eyes of women. It analyzes how gender roles have changed over time by race, class, and culture. It examines womens experience in the family, religious, political, and social organizations. Topics of interest include the suffrage movement, settlement houses, prohibition, the labor movement, women in war and peace, and modern feminism. HA

The history of Europe from the French Revolution to World War I (1789-1914), focusing on the role of ideas in the social and political changes of time, including the rise of industry; the spread of democracy; the development of liberalism, nationalism, socialism, Marxism, imperialism, and national competition leading to war. HA

This course examines significant concepts in the letters and sciences, especially around the topics of civilization, progress, and the inequities associated with the rise of modern consumer society. Students will read seminal works and contemporary commentary. The interdisciplinary emphasis invites students to reflect upon the timelessness of these ideas throughout history and in their own life and times. SJE, HA

This course will focus on the Atlantic Ocean and the four continents surrounding it - Africa, South America, Europe, and North America - to compare the connections, discontinuities, and possible trends from the late 1600s to the present. The central part of the course will focus on the systems of race and racism which transformed the Atlantic world. SJE, HA

This course examines the main themes of the European Enlightenment, the conceptual and cultural revolution that transformed Europe between 1680 and 1800. Among the results of this upheaval are the birth of modern science, the development of representative democracy, a series of wars, and the birth of modern commercial society. The Scottish Enlightenment and eighteenth-century America will receive special attention. The principal objective is to understand the birth of the modern mind in the dilemmas and debates of this remarkable era. HA